Abstract: Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qijialifei capsule，a kind of Chinese traditional medicine，as adjuvant treatment for retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Two hundred cases of retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from June 2010 to June 2012 were randomly divided into the observation group (100 cases) and the control group (100 cases)．The base condition of two groups was comparability. All patients received the therapy of 2HRZES／6HRE．The patients in the observation group took Qijialifei capsule. Ninety-seven cases in the observation group and 98 cases in the control group completed the treatment．Then comparisons were made between the two groups in the sputum tubercle bacillus conversion rate，focus improvement rate, cavity closing rate, the cellular immune function, and improvement of clinical symptoms. The software SPSS 13.0 was used, measurement data and enumeration data were compared with t-test andχ² test, respectively, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results At the end of intensified therapy period and the end of the whole therapy, the sputum tubercle bacillus conversion rate in the observation group (81.33%（61/75）, 94.67%（71/75）) was significantly higher than those in the control group (67.57%（50/74）, 83.78%（62/74）), there were significant differences between the two groups（χ²=4.36, 6.01，all P＜0.05）. At the end of intensified therapy period, the focus improvement rate and the cavity closing rate in the observation group (74.23％(72/97), 26.80％(26／97)) were higher than those in the control group (54.08％(53/98), 12.24％(12／98)) (χ²=3.91, 6.59，all P＜0.05). At the end of the whole therapy the focus improvement rate and the cavity closing rate in the observation group (93.82％(91/97), 55.67％(54／97)) were higher than those in the control group (78.57％(77/98), 30.61％(30／98)) (χ²=9.49，12.48，P＜0.05)．By the end of the whole therapy，the numbers of CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺／CD8⁺ of patients in the observation group (（67.13±6.98）%,（44.22±8.11）%, 1.61±0.33) was higher than those in the control group (（62.03±6.12）%, （41.15±7.26）%, 1.50±0.34), with significant differences between the two group （t=5.42, 2.78,2.29, all P＜0.05)．Conclusion Qijialifei capsule as adjuvant treatment can improve the sputum tubercle bacillus conversion rate, radiographic focus improvement rate, and cavity closing rate in the treatment for patients with retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis, which also improves the cellular immune function of patients and alleviate the symptoms.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary/traditional Chinese medicine therapy, Chinese patent drugs